And similar coal for metallurgical



amt sat pear amid. 1

WILLIAM J. LYND, or GOLDEN .QITY, TERRITORY or COLORADO.

Letters Patent No. 98,607, dated January 4, 1870.

IMPROVEMENT IN I'Isme; COLORADO "AND SIMILAR coAL'r'oR METALLURGICAL OPERATIONS.

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same,

To whom it may concern Territory, and other parts of the United States; and the object I have in view is to employ them, in the placeof coke, charcoal, or anthracite, in smelting and other metallurgical operations, and for calcining limestone, burning pottery-ware, brick, 85c.

To enable those skilled in the art to understand and use my-invention, I will proceed togdescribe it, having reference, first, to the coking of the coals in connection with metallurgical operations; secondly, to the combination of coking with the caloination of limestone, or preparation of quick-lime; and, thirdly, to the combination of coking with the burning of pottery ware, brick, &c.

1. Metallurgical Operations. I

The furnaces, whether reverberatory or otherwise, should have several fire-boxes containing the coal, in

. number from one to six, more or less, each separated from the other by a partition-wall, and commnnicat ing by distinct flues with the basin holding the iron, or ore, or whatever is sought to be reduced.

To insure ignition, the coal when lighted should have a gentle draught for a little while, after which all air should beexcluded, except by a long, narrow hori-H .zontal opening above the door of each fire-box, to ada mit'air enough to cause the combustion of the bituminous or inflammable part of the coal.

The flames from each fire-box pass through the respective flue into the basin containing the iron, orore,

or other matter, which will thereby attain nearly a white heat, or even .more, by the time the inflamma ble part of the coal has-been consumed.

When the inflammable part of the coal has been consumed, I exclude the air from the fire-boxes by tightly closing the horizontal openingsabove the doors, and close tightly all theflues leading to the basin, except one. Upon'the fuel of the box leading to this open flue, let the blast be thrown in any ordinary or suitable manner. During this operation, the

fuel in the other fire-boxes is carhonizing.

When the fuel under the blast fails, through con sumption, to give the required heat, another flue may be opened, and the fuel of its fire-box similarly operated with. new and intense flame 'upon the metal, ore, or whatever is sought to be reduced. I

Each fire-box in turn can. be replenished with coal, and the coking-operation, as above described, goon, so that when the last receives theblast, the first is nearly or quite ready for the renewal of the blast through it. e In case it is not ready, some coke can be added to the last to keep up the heat.

The process of coking the coal for the blast and saving the heat, may be carried on without shutting the fines or entirely excluding the atmd'spheric air from the fuel. The process can be secured by increasing, lessening, or shutting off the draught of air admitted from beneath or elsewhere.

' The same process can be similarly performed with furnaces constructed with fire-boxes without partitions,

I walls, or separate flnes, viz, by increasing, lessening,

or shutting off the draught of air admitted from be neath or elsewhere to the 'fuel not subject to the blast. For some operations, pipes may be added to each fire-box, to carry off the flames, 860., of the replenished coal while coking, so as not to interfere with the blast.

If one fire-box is preferred, a furnace for coking may be placed above, with two pipesfone to let the flames of the bituminous matter, 850., of the coal enter the basin withthe'flames from the fire-box, the other pipe to let the inflammable matter of the replenished coal in the furnace enter, when desired, the chimney above the basin.

An aperture in the bottom of the. furnace, so arranged that the blast will 7 not interfere with the coking, will let the fuel prepared for the blast descend as it iswanted, on the principle of base-burning stoves. In this case, the tire-box may be made more shallow and greater in diameter, thereby allowing the oxygen of the air to unite more freely and completely with the carbon of the coal.

2. O'alcz'ntng L'i'nwstone.

The furnaces may be two or more, ten to twenty feet in length, more or less, and three to ten feet'in width, more or less, and without compartments, the coal being'in one mass in each furnace. \Vhen the coal is ignited, the air is entirely excluded, except by a long, narrow horizontal opening above the-door of each furnace, or by narrow'horizontal openings opposite the series of lateral fines, which, to each furnace, may be in number according to length of furnace, say one' flue for each two or three feet.

Thus each fire-box 'in turn will throw its The times open into the space occupied by the lime in the lime-shaft, which rises from the sides of the furnaces'.

A partition-wall, raised to a proper height, will se- -cure each furnace from derangement of draught.

The heat and flames of the burning extraneous matter given out from the coal, will raise the'lime to a white heat, calcining it. When the inflammable parts of the coal are consumed, the fines must be shut closely, and the openings tolet in the air hermetically closed. Thus the coal will be coked and the lime c'alcined.

3. Burning Brick, cc.

'The furnaces are like the lime-kiln furnaces, and one or more for each side of kiln, which should have a permanent wall of proper thickness (at least three to four feet) and height, and should be so arranged as to be tightly closed during the burning. 1

The arches of the kiln should be so arranged as to receive, through the lateral flues, as in lime-burning,

'the flames from the furnaces, which are'operated as those of the lime-kilns.

By the same process, pottery-ware can be well burned. The fuel may be in mass, as above specified, or in separate fire-boxes, as is usual in burning ware.

When the ware has attained a white heat, if more heat is reqilired, instead of closing up the flues and excluding air for completing the coking-process, the apertures above the doors are closed, and a draught let on'the fuel from beneath. The draught is increased until the required heat is attained.

In all these cases, the furnace-walls, in order to retain the heat and radiate it, so that all the heat may, as much as possible, go to the metal, or lime, or brick, should be quite thick and massive.

The process above described, of using the coals to obtain heat for burning brick, 850., is applicable, even though it is not desired to obtain coke, though the process described is, however, especially advantageous, for the reason that it affords a means of coking the (gal, and at the same time burning the ware, brick,

Having now described my invention, I would state that I do not limit my claim to the precise details herein given in illustration-of the manner in which the invention is or may be carried into effect, for it is manifest that the same can be varied in many respects; but

What I claim as new, and desire tovsecure by Letter's Patent, is-

l. The use of coals, such as specified, in smelting and other metallurgical operations, substantially in the manner set forth.

2. The use of coals, such as specified, in the operation of calcining limestone, substantially in the manner set forth.

3. The use of coals, such as specified, for burning pottery-ware, brick, &c., substantially in the manner set forth.

'4. The process of coking the coals and smelting, or otherwise reducing metals, calcining limestone, or burning pottery-ware, bricks, 860., simultaneously or by one continuous operation, substantially as herein specified.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification, before two subscribing witnesses.

WILLIAM J. LYND.

Witnesses:

WILLIAM ABMOR, RICHARD H. HARRIS. 

